Tes baru dapat mendeteksi anomali pada awal kehamilan

Jenis tes darah baru sedang digunakan oleh Denmark untuk mengidentifikasi kemungkinan kelainan genetik janin di awal kehamilan. Meskipun metode ini menjanjikan, metode ini juga menimbulkan pertanyaan etis.

Ujian ini dikembangkan oleh para peneliti di Rumah Sakit Universitas Aarhus, di Denmark, dan, meskipun sedikit berbeda, prosedur baru ini seharusnya menunjukkan tingkat akurasi yang sama seperti yang digunakan saat ini.

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Baca selengkapnya:

Saat ini, kehamilan dengan risiko kelainan tinggi menjalani chorionic villus sampling (CVS) — metode diagnostik tradisional. Tes ini merupakan tes plasenta, dimana jarum dimasukkan ke dalam perut ibu.

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Sejauh ini, tes ini adalah yang paling aman dan paling direkomendasikan untuk jenis evaluasi ini, selain lebih akurat untuk penyakit kromosom, seperti Sindrom Down — namun, tes ini menimbulkan risiko aborsi spontan sebesar 0,5%.

Metode baru yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti Denmark disebut EVITA dan didasarkan pada jenis tes darah yang mengisolasi sel janin dari darah ibu;
Dalam EVITA, sekitar sepuluh sel janin diisolasi dari sekitar 200 juta sel yang ditemukan dalam sampel darah wanita;
Menurut tim, DNA ini lebih dari cukup untuk analisis yang diperlukan. Namun, para peneliti berharap tes tersebut juga dapat menunjukkan cacat kecil pada kromosom.

Untuk saat ini, tes darah baru dapat mengungkap berbagai penyakit kromosom—bahkan lebih banyak daripada tes darah yang ada—namun di masa mendatang, kita dapat menemukan lebih banyak penyakit.

Ida Vogel, profesor diagnosis janin di Departemen Wanita

“Jangka panjang, Anda mungkin memiliki kesempatan untuk menyaring penyakit yang tidak dapat Anda skrining selama kehamilan, tetapi hanya saat anak lahir, termasuk cystic fibrosis,” tambah Vogel.

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